گرامر در 6 دقیقه: فرم سوالی
بدون پرسیدن سوال که نمیشه انگلیسی حرف زد! در اولین قسمت از گرامر در 6 دقیقه: فرم سوالی قراره یاد بگیریم که چجوری به انگلیسی سوال بپرسیم. در زبان انگلیسی چندین مدل مختلف برای سوال پرسیدن وجود داره. در این قسمت با این مدل سوال ها آشنا میشی. بعد از گوش دادن به پادکست (و خوندن متنش اگه بش نیاز داشتی)، می تونی نکات گرامری این درس رو هم بخونی و آخرش هم به چندتا سوال مربوط جواب بدی و مهارتت رو در فرم سوالی زبان انگلیسی بسنجی!
امیدوارم از گرامر در 6 دقیقه: فرم سوالی که راجع به سوالات Yes/no و Wh-question ئه لذت ببری و کلی نکته مفید یاد بگیری.
BBC 6 Minute Grammar – Basic – Question Forms
متن پادکست:
Neil
Hello. Welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me, Neil.
Sophie
And me, Sophie. Hello.
Neil
Today’s programme is all about questions.
Sophie
Yes: we’ll take a look at different types of yes-no questions…
Neil
We’ll hear lots of w-h questions
Sophie
And we’ll be using the questions to get to know each other a little bit better.
Neil
…So if you want a reminder of English question forms
Sophie
Or if you’re studying them for the first time.
Neil
Keep listening, and join in with the task we’ll be giving you later on.
Sophie
So let’s get started. In English, there are two basic question types: yes/no questions and w-h questions.
Neil
And here’s Finn with our first yes/no question:
Finn
Can you speak English? Can you speak English?
Neil
Yes I can, thanks Finn. That’s a useful first question.
Sophie
Yes, and it’s made with the auxiliary verb can, plus the subject you and a verb: speak. Can you speak? Can you speak English Neil?
Neil
Yes, I can.Another question please Finn?
Finn
Do you work every day? Do you work every day?
Sophie
Auxiliary do, subject you, verb work. Do you work every day, Neil?
Neil
I don’t, no. I don’t work at weekends. Finn?
Finn
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
Sophie
Auxiliary do, subject you, verb: have. Neil, do you have any brothers or sisters?
Neil
Yes I do: I’ve got one sister. Now another way to make yes-no questions is with the verb to be plus a subject. Let’s demonstrate. Sophie: Are you married?
Sophie
No, Neil, I’m not. Is your boss married
Neil
My boss? No, he isn’t. Were you in the office yesterday
Sophie
Yes, sadly I was in the office yesterday.
IDENT
You’re listening to BBC Learning English.
Neil
And we’re talking about question forms.
Sophie
Now, the second main type of question in English starts with either what, where, when, which, why, who, or the odd one out
Neil
how
Sophie
So let’s try making a question with where. We add an auxiliary
Neil
… such as do
Sophie
then we can add a subject plus a verb. For example: Neil, Where do you live? Where do you live?
Neil
I live in south London. Where do you live, Sophie?
Sophie
I live in north London. Now let’s change the question word and the verb. Which languages do you speak?
Neil
And here we add a noun to which: Which languages do you speak?
Sophie
Just English. And with a different auxiliary: Which languages can you speak?
Neil
We can add nouns to some of the other question words: What time do you start work?
Sophie
About 9 o’clock in the morning. And if we ask ‘What time is it?’ we’re making a w-h question with the verb to be. I can ask: Where were you born?
Neil
I was born in England. When is your birthday?
Sophie
In September. What is your work address
Neil
It’s W1A. Lots of useful questions with to be there. Now for a very personal question with to be: Sophie, How old are you?
Sophie
You should never ask a woman her age! And for questions with how, we usually add an extra word. To ask about age it’s:
Finn
How old
Sophie
:For price it’s
Finn
How much
Neil
For size we ask:
Finn
How big…
Sophie
And for height it’s
Finn
How tall.
Sophie
How tall are you, Neil?
Neil
About 180cm. And of course, you can’t answer a w-h question with yes or no. How tall are you, Sophie?
Sophie
I think we’re actually the same height.
Neil
Let me see, back to back… No, I’m taller! Is it time for a practice task Sophie?
Sophie
Yes, it is. Join in at home if you like. I’m going to give you a topic to ask me about, and you have to make one yes/no question and one w-h question. And Neil will give some possible answers. Here’s the first topic: Ask me about my age.
Neil
Ok, so you could ask: How old are you? When were you born?
Sophie
Now ask me about my home.
Neil
Do you live with your family? What is your address?
Sophie
Now ask me about my work.
Neil
Do you work near here? How much do you earn?
Sophie
Thanks Neil. And well done to you at home if you joined in with the task.
Neil
So that’s a look at some basic question types we can use when we’re getting to know people. We had yes/no questions,
Sophie
And we looked at questions starting with w-h words.
Neil
And we found out some interesting information about each other. I didn’t know how tall you were, Sophie!
Sophie
I know, it’s quite incredible really. Join us again for more 6 Minute Grammar.
All
Bye.
فرم‌های سوالی
معنی و کاربرد
در زبان انگلیسی، دو مدل سوالی وجود داره:
- سوالات yes/no question که اغلب با فعل to be شروع میشه اما گاهی هم با افعال کمکی مثل do شروع میشه. وقتی این سوال رو می پرسیم که جوابی که می خوایم آره یا نه باشه.
Dave: Are you hungry?
Mike: Yes, I’m starving.
?Sarah: Did you get here on time
.Emily: No, I missed the bus
2. سوالات Wh با یه کلمه ی سوالی شروع میشن مثل:
who, what, where, when, why, how
این مدل سوال رو وقتی می پرسیم که می خوایم اطلاعات بیشتری بگیریم. این مدل سوال ها رو نمیشه با آره یا نه جواب داد.
?Dave: Why are you so hungry
.Mike: I didn’t eat breakfast
?Sarah: When did you get here
.Emily: About half an hour ago
فرم:
سوالات yes/no که با فعل to be شروع میشن: to be + subject
?Are you playing football tomorrow
?Was the weather nice yesterday
اگه با یه فعل کمکی شروع بشه: auxiliary + subject + main verb
?Can Jenny speak Chinese
?Did you go to the cinema on Saturday
سوالات wh-question هم میتونن در مورد فاعل و هم در مورد مفعول فعل سوال بپرسن. این دو تا سوال رو با هم مقایسه کن:
Who loves Lucy?
کی لوسی رو دوست داره؟
Who does Lucy love?
لوسی کی رو دوست داره؟
برای سوالاتی که در مورد فاعل پرسیده میشن: question word + verb + object
?Who wants ice cream for dessert
?Who broke the mirror in the dining room
?Who answered the phone
برای سوالاتی که در مورد مفعول پرسیده میشن: question word + auxiliary + subject + verb
?What did you do at the weekend
?Where does your brother work
?Who will you ask for help
سوال با how
کلمه ی پرسشی how معمولا با کلمه های دیگه ترکیب میشه وقتی می خوای درباره ی اندازه، سن، قیمت یا چیزایی مثل این اطلاعات بگیری.
?How big is your apartment
?How old are your children now
?How much is the black dress in the window
انگلیسی محاوره
در موقعیت های رسمی، معمولا جواب سوالات yes/no رو با تکرار فعل کمکی در یه جمله ی کامل میدن:
?Max: Can you use a computer
.Jill: Yes, I can
در انگلیسی محاوره، لازم نیست فعل کمکی رو تکرار کنیم. جوابی هم که میدیم لازم نیست حتما توش yes یا no باشه.
?Peter: Do you know the way to the train station
.William: Not really
?Lucy: Shall we order sushi
.Sally: Absolutely
تمرین
کلمات زیر رو مرتب کن و باش سوالات yes/no بساز:
1. anywhere did you weekend interesting last go
2. grow up did you where
3. did for your car new much how pay you
4. into your when you did move new house
5. listening to what you are
6. the game basketball who won
7. you do watch want movie a tonight to
جواب ها
1. Did you go anywhere interesting last weekend?
[ساختار سوالات آره/نه: auxiliary + subject + main verb.]
2. Where did you grow up?
[ساختار سوالات با کلمات پرسشی : question word + auxiliary + subject + verb]
3. How much did you pay for your new car?
[ساختار سوالات با کلمات پرسشی : question word + auxiliary + subject + verb]
4. When did you move into your new house?
[ساختار سوالات با کلمات پرسشی در مورد مفعول: question word + auxiliary + subject + verb]
5. What are you listening to?
[ساختار سوالات با کلمات پرسشی در مورد مفعول: question word + auxiliary + subject + verb]
6. Who won the basketball game?
[ساختار سوالات با کلمات پرسشی در مورد فاعل: question word + verb + object]
7. Can I borrow your phone?
[ساختار سوالات آره/نه: auxiliary + subject + main verb.]
8. Do you want to watch a movie tonight?
[ساختار سوالات آره/نه: auxiliary + subject + main verb.]
امیدوارم از مطلب گرامر در 6 دقیقه: فرم سوالی لذت برده باشید. برای تمرین و یادگیری موضوعات دیگر گرامری می توانید از صفحه ی آموزش گرامر زبان انگلیسی دیدن کنید.
