پادکست VOA: اصطلاحات انگلیسی – دو اصطلاح علمی

سلام با دومین قسمت از مجموعه “Words and Their Stories” (کلمات و داستان آن ها) از سری پادکست‌های VOA در خدمت شما هستیم. این مجموعه پادکست به توضیح اصطلاحات رایج زبان انگلیسی، داستان ایجاد شدنشون و نحوه استفاده از آن ها در مکالمه می پردازه. در این قسمت از پادکست VOA: اصطلاحات انگلیسی – دو اصطلاح علمی قراره با معنی و کاربرد litmus test (تست لیتموس) و acid test (تست اسید) آشنا بشی. در کنارش چندین کلمه ی جالب و کاربردی دیگه هم یاد میگیری که لیست این کلمه ها به همراه معنی اون ها در پایان مطلب قرار گرفته.

“litmus test” در مکالمه انگلیسی برای این به کار میره که بگیم آیا چیزی قابل قبول هست یا نه. “acid test” برای تعیین اینکه آیا چیزی واقعیه یا خوبه یا درسته به کار میره.

VOA – Words and Their Stories – 02: Test Your World With Two Science Terms

متن انگلیسی پادکست VOA: اصطلاحات انگلیسی – دو اصطلاح علمی :

And now, Words and Their Stories, from VOA Learning English.

Today we go back to school. We will talk about two terms from science class. Both are tests. But don’t worry. You will not be tested at the end of the program.

The first term is “litmus test.” The second is “acid test.”

In science, we use both to determine the chemical make-up of something. In conversation, we use them to determine other things. One identifies where something belongs or whether it is acceptable. The other determines if something is real or good.

But before we tell you which is which, let’s talk about their meanings.

First, litmus test.

Now, you may remember doing experiments with litmus paper in a high school science class. Litmus paper is used to identify whether a solution is an acid or a base.

The Merriam-Webster website says scientists have long known that litmus paper turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline, or base, solutions. In fact, scientists have been performing tests with litmus paper since the 14^th century.

Litmus itself comes from lichen, a small plant that grows on rocks and trees.

Today many English speakers use the term “litmus test” in conversations. To them, it means something you use to judge whether someone or something is acceptable.

So, a litmus test is a kind of sign or indicator. It helps you identify in which category something belongs or in which direction something will go. It helps you group things together.

Here’s an example.

A friend of mine has a single litmus test for dating — her dog. Her dog must like the man and he must like the dog. After several failed relationships, she found this litmus test to be the one sure indicator of a good fit.

Acid test

Our second scientific expression is “acid test.” Such a test proves the value, quality, or truth of something.

An acid test can take many forms. It can be an important job or a difficult situation. It shows if someone or something is good enough to succeed.

For example, beating the national champions was the acid test for the basketball team. It showed the team’s players they were better than the champs, even for only one game.

An acid test can also find out whether something is as good as people say it is, whether it works, or whether it is true. For example, a restaurant may look nice. But will people eat the food? Good question! That is the acid test.

An acid test also can test the value of something. For example, I wanted to take an online writing program, but I wasn’t sure if it was the worth the money. Then I found out that 80 percent of the people who took the class got a book deal. That was enough of an acid test for me!

The term acid test also comes from an experiment – one involving gold. Some people say it dates back to the use of nitric acid to determine the gold content of jewelry.

So, those are the two tests – litmus and acid. But don’t mix them up. They are different.

A litmus test determines how to categorize something; in other words, where does it fit? An acid test determines if something is real, valid, or high quality.

Let’s go back to our dog example. When choosing a partner, the woman’s litmus test is her dog. That puts the man in one of two groups: the ‘she-will-date-him’ category or the ‘she-will-not-date-him’ category.

But this does not really prove if he is a good choice. So, it is not an acid test. The man never said he would be the perfect partner for her. So, his validity is not being tested. And he might be a perfectly good partner for someone else — someone who doesn’t like dogs.

And that’s Words and Their Stories. Until next time, I’m Anna Matteo.I kept my eyes open and tried to seeThe point of what went on in front of meI kept what moved me, forgot about the restAnd took my young imagination to the acid test

لیست واژگان این پادکست

determine (تعیین کردن) – v. to come to a decision

conversation (مکالمه) – n. an informal talk involving two people or a small group of people : the act of talking in an informal way

solution (راه حل) – n. something that is used or done to deal with and end a problem : something that solves a problem

acid (اسید) – n. chemistry : any of various typically water-soluble and sour compounds that in solution are capable of reacting with a base to form a salt, that redden litmus, that have a pH less than 7, and that are hydrogen-containing molecules or ions able to give up a proton to a base or are substances able to accept an unshared pair of electrons from a base

base (باز – در مقابل اسید) – n. chemistry : any of various typically water-soluble and bitter tasting compounds that in solution have a pH greater than 7, are capable of reacting with an acid to form a salt, and are molecules or ions able to take up a proton from an acid or are substances able to give up an unshared pair of electrons to an acid

category (دسته بندی) – n. a group of people or things that are similar in some way

date (ملاقات رمانتیک داشتن) – v. to go together regularly on romantic social engagements

fit (مناسب بودن) – v. to be suitable for or to :

content (مقدار) – n. a certain amount

valid (معتبر)– adj. based on truth or fact

امیدوارم از پادکست VOA: اصطلاحات انگلیسی – دو اصطلاح علمی لذت برده باشید. برای دسترسی به قسمت های دیگر این پادکست می توانید از صفحه ی پادکست VOA – اصطلاحات انگلیسی آکادمی مجازی آموزش زبان ۲۴talk دیدن کنید.

همچنین برای گوش دادن به پادکست های سطح بندی شده British Council می توانید به صفحه ی پادکست British Council آکادمی مجازی آموزش زبان ۲۴talk یا برای گوش دادن به پادکست های BBC به صفحه ی پادکست ۶ دقیقه انگلیسی (BBC) آکادمی مجازی آموزش زبان ۲۴talk مراجعه کنید.

گوش دادن به پادکست روش خوبی برای تقویت مهارت شنیداری و هم چنین یادگرفتن کلمات در بستر یک موضوع خاصه که این به تقویت مهارت مکالمه انگلیسی نیز کمک زیادی می کنه.

اگه دنبال این هستی که مهارت های مکالمه زبان انگلیسیت رو بیشتر از این تقویت کنی بهت پیشنهاد میکنم در دوره‌ی مکالمه زبان انگلیسی آکادمی مجازی آموزش زبان انگلیسی ۲۴talk شرکت کنی که با یه برنامه منسجم و خلاقانه کمک میکنه در زمان کوتاه بتونی به راحتی و روانی انگلیسی صحبت کنی.