گرامر در 6 دقیقه: like به عنوان فعل و حرف اضافه
از کلمه like هم به عنوان فعل استفاده میشه هم به عنوان حرف اضافه ولی یکم دردسرای خودش و قائده خودش رو داره. با یک جلسه دیگه از گرامر در 6 دقیقه میخوایم یاد بگیریم کجاها باید ازش استفاده کنیم. بعد از گوش دادن به پادکست (و خوندن متنش اگه بش نیاز داشتی)، می تونی نکات گرامری این درس رو هم بخونی و آخرش هم به چندتا سوال مربوط جواب بدی و مهارتت رو در استفاده like به عنوان فعل و حرف اضافه زبان انگلیسی بسنجی!
امیدوارم از گرامر در 6 دقیقه: استفاده like به عنوان فعل و حرف اضافه لذت ببری و کلی نکته مفید یاد بگیری.
BBC 6 Minute Grammar – Basic – ‘Like’ as a verb and preposition
متن پادکست:
Finn
Hello. Welcome to 6 Minute Grammar with me, Finn.
Sophie
And me, Sophie. Hello. Today, we’re talking about the word like.
Finn
Yes, the word like. We’ll be looking at two different ways to use it.
Sophie
We’ll also give you a useful tip about time expressions.
Finn
And there’ll be a quiz to practice what we’ve studied…
Sophie
And we’ll even get to find out a bit of personal information about Finn!
Finn
Oh no, not too personal I hope!
Sophie
Let’s wait and see shall we? Now – the word like.
Finn
Like. It’s an interesting word in English, because when it comes to grammar, we can use it as a verb and we can also use like as a preposition.
Sophie
So let’s start with like as a verb. And here’s Neil with our first example:
Neil
James likes playing football.
Finn
Thank you Neil. So we have the subject ‘James’, the verb likes, and the object playing football. Let’s hear it again – this time, Neil, as a question.
Neil
Does James like playing football?
Sophie
This question is made with does plus the subject, plus the base form of the verb like.
Finn
And the verb like is asking about preference – things you enjoy.
Sophie
Yes exactly. For example, I can find out about Finn’s sporting preferences by asking: Do you like playing football? Do you like playing football, Finn?
Finn
I love playing football! But sadly, I’m not very good. Now, the second way we can use like is when we ask for a description, like this:
Neil
What’s your house like?
Sophie
So here, like is a preposition, not a verb, and it goes at the end of the question.
Finn
This time, we don’t use do or does. The question is made of what plus the verb to be, plus the subject plus like. What’s your house like, Sophie?
Sophie
My house Finn? It’s very beautiful actually! Let’s have another example:
Neil
What was your weekend like?
Finn
So – thank you Neil – it’s what plus to be, plus a subject, plus like, to ask for a description. And as for the answer – remember to use adjectives in your descriptions. What was your weekend like, Sophie?
Sophie
It was lovely, thank you Finn. Very relaxing! I had coffee with friends, and then we went for a long walk! What was your weekend like?
Finn
It was very very busy. I spent the whole weekend tidying my flat.
Sophie
You poor thing! Now, you can also use like to ask someone to describe a person. Finn, what’s your dad like?
Finn
My Dad, my Dad’s great. He’s very clever.
Sophie
Clever, eh?
Finn
Yep. And he’s tall… and he’s a little bit bald. And he likes writing, too!
IDENT
You’re listening to bbclearningenglish.com.
Sophie
And in this programme we’re finding out a bit about Finn…
Finn
And we’re talking about using like in two different ways.
Sophie
We can use like as a verb to show preference, for example: ‘My mother likes Italian food’ or ‘Does your father like reading?’
Finn
And we can use like as a preposition with the verb to be to ask for descriptions, starting with what and ending with like.
Sophie
Finn, what’s your girlfriend like?
Finn
A good example but I think that’s enough personal questions for one programme! It’s time for a quiz. I’m going to ask three questions. For each question, first: can you decide whether I’m asking for preference or for a description. Then – answer the question! Here’s the first one: Do you like Chinese food?
Sophie
Right, well the question starts with does, and like isn’t at the end, so you’re asking for preference. Actually, I really like Chinese food.
Finn
Me too! Now, the next one. What’s the new shopping centre like?
Sophie
This question starts with what, ends in like, and there’s no do, does or did, so you’re asking for a description. The new shopping centre is usually very busy!
Finn
Is it indeed! Now, here’s the last question. What movies do you like?
Sophie
This is an interesting one: the question starts with what, and ends with like, but it has do, so like is a verb, and you’re asking for preference. What movies do I like? I like comedies.
Finn
Me too. Well done if you got those right.
Sophie
So, that’s like as a verb to talk about preference, and like as a preposition to ask for a description. Remember to use do or does for preference and to be for a description.
Finn
Now, there’s lots more about this on our website at bbclearningenglish.com. Do join us again for more 6 Minute Grammar.
All
Bye.
معنی و کاربرد
کلمه like می تواند به چندین روش مختلف استفاده شود:
like می تواند به عنوان فعل برای بیان ترجیح یا علاقه به شخص ، مکان یا چیز مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.
I like your earrings. Where did you get them?
همچنین می توانید به عنوان حرف اضافه برای توصیف توضیحات از یک شخص ، مکان یا چیز از آن استفاده کنید.
Emily: What’s your English teacher like?
Bob: She’s kind and intelligent.
LIKE به عنوان فعل
subject + like + object
Emily: I like sports. Do you like playing football?
من ورزش را دوست دارم. آیا دوست دارید فوتبال بازی کنید؟
Bob: Yes, I do. I also like fishing. Do you like fishing?
بله ، من همچنین ماهیگیری را دوست دارم. ماهیگیری دوست دارید؟
Emily: No, I don’t.
نه من دوست ندارم.
I like shopping.
من خرید را دوست دارم.
Bob likes playing football.
باب فوتبال بازی کردن را دوست دارد.
فرم منفی
I don’t like sports.
من ورزش کردن را دوست ندارم.
Emily doesn’t like reading.
امیلی کتاب خواندن را دوست ندارد.
فرم سوالی
Do you like horror movies?
آیا فیلم های ترسناک را دوست دارید؟
Does Bob like cartoon?
آیا باب کارتون دوست دارد؟
LIKE به عنوان حرف اضافه
what + to be + noun/noun phrase + like?
Andrea: What’s California like?
کالیفرنیا چگونه است؟
Jamie: It’s hot and sunny.
گرم و آفتابی ئه.
نکته
هنگامی که راجع به اولیت ها و ترجیح ها سوال پرسیده میشه از like همراه do یا does در سوال استفاده میشود.
Do you like playing tennis?
هنگامی که راجع به توضیحات سوال پرسیده میشود نباید از DO / DOES استفاده شود به جای آن باید از what برلی شروع سوال و ختم آن با like استفاده کنیم.
تمرین
سؤالات 1-8 را با جواب a-h مطابقت دهید.
1. What’s your new music teacher like? a. No, I don’t. They’re so scary!
2. What was your weekend like? b. They’re really friendly. I like them a lot.
3. Do you like watching horror movies? c. Yes, I do. I like them a lot!
4. What are your new neighbours like? d. It’s sunny and warm.
5. What movies do you like? e. He likes football and baseball.
6. What sports does your brother like? f. Horrible! He’s so strict.
7. Do you like your new shoes? g. I like action movies. They’re exciting!
8. What’s the weather like? h. It was fun! We went swimming.
جواب ها
1. What’s your new music teacher like? (f) Horrible! He’s so strict.
[این سؤال درخواست توصیف را دارد. می توانید بگویید زیرا با “what” شروع می شود و باlike به پایان می رسد.]
2. What was your weekend like? (h) It was fun! We went swimming.
[این سؤال درخواست توصیف را دارد. می توانید بگویید زیرا با “what” شروع می شود و باlike به پایان می رسد.]
3. Do you like watching horror movies? (a) No, I don’t. They’re so scary!
[این سوال درمورد اولویت و ترجیح است. می توانید بگویید زیرا با “do” شروع می شود.]
4. What are your new neighbours like? (b) They’re really friendly. I like them a lot.
[این سؤال درخواست توصیف را دارد. می توانید بگویید زیرا با “what” شروع می شود و باlike به پایان می رسد.]
5. What movies do you like? (g) I like action movies. They’re exciting!
[این سوال درمورد اولویت و ترجیح است. می توانید بگویید زیرا با “do” شروع می شود.]
6. What sports does your brother like? (e) He likes football and baseball.
[این سوال درمورد اولویت و ترجیح است. می توانید بگویید زیرا با “does” شروع می شود.]
7. Do you like your new shoes? (c) Yes, I do. I like them a lot!
[این سوال درمورد اولویت و ترجیح است. می توانید بگویید زیرا با “do” شروع می شود.]
8. What’s the weather like? (d) It’s sunny and warm.
[این سؤال درخواست توصیف را دارد. می توانید بگویید زیرا با “what” شروع می شود و باlike به پایان می رسد.]
امیدوارم از مطلب گرامر در 6 دقیقه: فرم سوالی لذت برده باشید.برای تمرین و یادگیری موضوعات دیگر گرامری در سطح basic می توانید از صفحه ی گرامر در ۶ دقیقه – Basic دیدن کنید یا مباحث گرامری در سطوح دیگر را از صفحه ی آموزش گرامر زبان انگلیسی مطالعه کنید.
