پادکست BBC شماره 207 -Global warming
پادکست BBC شماره 207
سلام با دویست و هفتمین سری از پادکست‌های BBC 6 Minute English در خدمت شما هستیم.
در این قسمت درباره گرم شدن زمین صحبت میشه. چه مولفه‌هایی در این معضل که درجه حرارت کره زمین روز به روز بالاتر می‌رود تاثیر گذاره؟ چه کسانی در دنیای صنعتی امروز سود و درآمدشان به گرم‌تر شدن کره زمین منجر خواهد شد؟ چگونه خودمان را با شرایط پیش روی کره زمین انطابق بدهیم؟
در زیر کلمات کلیدی که باید با آن‌ها آشنا شوید برایتان توضیح داده شده‌اند:
unseasonably : not normal for the time of year
unseasonably : غیر منطقی
mitigate : make them less harmful
mitigate : کمتر مضر کردن
pledged : promised
pledged : قول داده
desalination : removing the salt and other minerals from sea water
desalination : از بین بردن نمک و سایر مواد معدنی از آب دریا
homegrown : produced locally
homegrown : تولید محلی
cost-efficient : good value for the money you paid
cost-efficient : مقرون به صرفه
logistics : the organization of a complex activity
logistics : سازماندهی یک فعالیت پیچیده
Transcript of the podcast
پادکست BBC 6 minute English –Global warming
Alice
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
Neil
And I’m Neil. I’m feeling a bit chilly today, Alice.
Alice
Yes, it is unseasonably cold today – which means not normal for the time of year. But the weather is very unpredictable these days.
Neil
I know what you mean.
Alice
Well, global warming is the subject of today’s show.
Neil
Is global warming really something to worry about? Some people say that the Earth has warmed up in the past and nothing terrible has happened.
Alice
The Earth has warmed up before, but this was the result of things like wobbles in the Earth’s orbit, not because of an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Neil
Can we reverse the changes?
Alice
No, it’s too late, and now we have to find ways to adapt to extreme weather, rising sea levels, and melting polar ice caps. However, we can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions – or make them less harmful. But before we talk more about this, I have a question for you. How much has the average temperature of the Earth’s surface increased in the last hundred years? Is it…
a) 0.85°C?
b) 1.85°C?
Or c) 8.5°C?
Neil
I’m gonna go for the big one a) 8.5°C.
Alice
Well, we’ll find out if you got the answer right later on, Neil. But first, do you know any ways to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions?
Neil
I do, actually. An Argentinian company has started collecting cow… emissions and converting them into usable energy.
Alice
Well, as the world eats more meat, methane emissions from livestock are actually becoming a bigger climate concern.
Neil
And one day’s worth of cow emissions provides energy to run a car for 24 hours.
Alice
OK, moving on now, so the world is going to have to adapt to global warming since we can’t turn back the clock on climate change. And rich countries have the resources to do this, whilst poorer countries don’t. Let’s hear from Saleemul Huq, Director of the International Centre for Climate Change and Development in Bangladesh, talking about how this problem is being addressed.
INSERT
Saleemul Huq, Director, International Centre for Climate Change and Development in Bangladesh
Saleemul Huq: The rich countries have already pledged and promised a hundred billion dollars a year, starting from 2020, to cover all kinds of climate change activities which in climate change are either going to be called mitigation or adaptation.
Owen Bennett Jones: A year? But that’s an enormous sum of money!
Saleemul Huq: Not that enormous compared to what they gave to the banking system when it collapsed. Climate change is a much bigger problem than the banking crisis.
Neil
Saleemul Huq interviewed on the BBC World Service programme Newshour Extra. Well, he says rich countries have pledged – or promised – to deliver a hundred billion dollars a year to help poorer countries adapt to climate change. However, he suggests that this sum could have been larger – since more money than this was donated to resolve the banking crisis.
Alice
For example, after the devastating effects of Hurricane Sandy, New York City invested ten billion dollars on storm defences to protect Manhattan – and Wall Street.
Neil
And where lack of water is a problem, countries like Australia, China, and Spain, have built desalination plants, which remove the salt from seawater to produce drinking water. But it’s too expensive for developing countries to do this, even though they need them.
Alice
So in relative terms, one billion dollars a year to help poor countries is a small sum of money when compared to their need. Countries like Bangladesh have developed homegrown technologies – which means produced locally – such as harvesting rainwater from their rooftops.
Neil
OK, Alice, and thinking about certain radical proposals for adaptation – did you know there’s a Dutch company that wants to build floating cities for us to live in?
Alice
No, I didn’t.
Neil
Yeah. Plans include 15-storey high-rise buildings and floating food production.
Alice
It sounds like it would be incredibly expensive. Has anyone actually built one?
Neil
No, not so far. Let’s hear from Mark Maslin, Professor of Climatology at University College London, talking about why this might be.
INSERT
Mark Maslin, Professor of Climatology at University College London
Remember, we’re going to have 9.5 billion people by the middle of this century. Now, if you think about it, think about the logistics of building a city, floating, for say, ten million people. And then multiply that up to 60 per cent of 9.5 billion people. OK? So don’t think it’s really cost-efficient.
Neil
So in practical terms, the logistics of building a large floating city probably couldn’t work. It wouldn’t be cost-efficient – or good value for the money you paid.
Alice
And logistics means the organization of a complex activity.
Neil
On the other hand, the logistics of teaching farmers in Bangladesh to breed ducks instead of chickens, for example, would be relatively simple and cost-efficient – and since ducks float and chickens don’t, it’s a sensible adaptation to climate change!
Alice
That’s a great example, Neil! Now, I think it’s time for the answer to today’s quiz question. I asked: How much has the average temperature of the Earth’s surface increased in the last hundred years? Is it… a) 0.85°C, b) 1.85°C or c) 8.5°C?
Neil
And I said c) 8.5°C and I know I’m wrong.
Alice
Yes, I’m afraid you are Neil. The right answer is actually 0.85°C. And did you know that 13 of the 14 warmest years were recorded in the 21st Century?
Neil
I did not know that, Alice. But I do know which words we learned today.
They are:
unseasonably
mitigate
pledged
desalination
homegrown
cost-efficient
logistics
Alice
And that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English. Don’t forget to join us again soon!
Both
Bye!
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