پادکست BBC شماره 287 – Can science fiction save the world
پادکست BBC شماره 287
سلام با دویست و هشتاد و هفتمین سری از پادکست‌های BBC 6 Minute English در خدمت شما هستیم.
در این قسمت درباره آینده بحث میشه. به نظرتون آینده بهتر از الانه یا بدتر؟ تو خیلی از داستان های علمی تخیلی آینده تاریک و ترسناک توصیف شده. اما واقعا اینجوریه؟ راب و فین در این قسمت درباره ی پروژه ای حرف می زنن که در اون نویسنده های داستان های علمی-تخیلی به جای ترسیم یه آینده ی تاریک، داستان های خوش بینانه تر میگن و آینده ای روشن تر رو توصیف میکنند.
در زیر کلمات کلیدی که باید با آن‌ها آشنا شوید برایتان توضیح داده شده‌اند:
science fiction
a kind of story about an imagined future, often involving technology and space travel
science fiction: علمی-تخیلی
in the not-too-distant future
soon; in a time not far from now
in the not-too-distant future: در آینده ای نه چندان دور
dystopian
describes a future situation which is very unpleasant
dystopian: دیتوپی/ پادآرمان
utopian:آرمان
describes a future situation which is ideal
downside: نزولی
disadvantage; bad point
optimistic: خوشبینانه
positive about the future
plausible: ممکن
with a good possibility of happening
environmentalists: طرفداران محیط زیست
people who fight to protect the environment
rally around: به حمایت از چیزی جمع شدن
come together in support of a cause
invisible: نامریی
unable to be seen
a bright future: آینده ای روشن
a good, positive future
time will tell: زمان مشخص میکنه
things will become clear as time passes
Transcript of the podcast
پادکست BBC 6 minute English – Can science fiction save the world
Finn
Hello I’m Finn and welcome to 6 Minute English. Rob’s here today. Hi Rob.
Rob
Hello Finn – are you well?
Finn
Very well, thanks. Rob, tell me – do you have a favourite science-fiction movie?
Rob
Ahh, science fiction – stories about an imagined future … well my favourite was and always will be ET: Extra Terrestrial, and you Finn?
Finn
Mine would probably be Blade Runner – the movie with Harrison Ford set in a dark, scary Los Angeles where he hunts robots called replicants. You know the one?
Rob
I do – and come to think of it, lots of movies and stories about the future are quite dark and negative …
Finn
But perhaps this might change. A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to do something very different: to inspire people to create a better future. It sounds very grand. We’ll be discussing the project and learning some language to talk about the future in this programme.
Rob
But before we get too far into the future, I’m sure you have a question for me, Finn?
Finn
Yes indeed. It’s about the film Blade Runner. It’s set in the future – but in which year?
a) 2000
b) 2019
c) 2056
Rob
I think I’m gonna go for the far future, c) 2056.
Finn
Well I’ll tell you if you’re right or wrong later in the not-too-distant future.
Rob
Very good. So, as we were saying: lots of science fiction is negative.
Finn
Yes, there’s a word to describe the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction: dystopian. The noun ‘dystopia’ means an imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad. The opposite is utopia and utopian.
Rob
But why is so much science fiction dystopian? Dr Braden Allenby from Arizona State University.
Braden Allenby, Professor of Engineering and Ethics, Arizona State University
The downside of both of science fiction and movies is that they tend to be dystopian, they tend to be very negative, they tend to be very noir. Dystopian is easier to do. It’s easier to write a dystopian story than it is to write an optimistic story.
Rob
He says dystopian stories are easier to write. I can see that – there’s more conflict in a world which has problems – and good stories often have a lot of conflict and problems to resolve.
Finn
Yes, but Braden thinks being negative is the downside of science fiction. A downside is a disadvantage, a bad point. He would prefer to see more optimistic science fiction.
Rob
Optimistic, more positive about the future, which is why Braden is taking part in something called Project Hieroglyph. It brings together writers, scientists, engineers and artists to create optimistic stories about things which really could happen in the next 50 years.
Finn
So let’s talk about the kinds of things are happening in these stories?
Rob
Well, there’s one about a huge tower 20 km tall – going all the way into space. Apparently, building the tower is good for the US steel industry … and they invent a new kind of energy in the story too.
Finn
Sounds very interesting – but is it plausible – could it really happen? Could they really build a tower that big?
Rob
Well, there’s another about environmentalists who fight to stop people building the first hotel in Antarctica.
Finn
Environmentalists – people who care about the environment. Well there’s conflict there … and it’s plausible, so it could be a good story. But I can’t help thinking – will these stories actually change anything?
Rob
Ed Finn, who edited a book of these stories, thinks so. He says: “A good science-fiction story can be very powerful”. “It can inspire hundreds, thousands, millions of people to rally around something that they want to do.”
Finn
To rally around something means to come together in support of a cause.
Rob
And Braden Allenby says you can already see the influence of science fiction in modern research. Which item is being worked on right now?
Braden Allenby, Professor of Engineering and Ethics, Arizona State University
“Why are people working on, for example, invisibility cloaks? Well, it’s Harry Potter, right? That’s where they saw it.”
Finn
An invisibility cloak – a long coat which makes you invisible, in other words unable to be seen – which people first saw in one of the Harry Potter movies.
Rob
Interesting … so will the stories from Project Hieroglyph inspire people to do and invent new things that can help others? Can they help create a bright future – that’s a good, positive future? Or will they just be good stories?
Finn
Time will tell – that means we’ll find out as time goes by. One thing that we’re going to find out right now is the answer to when the movie Blade Runner was set?
Rob
I said the answer was c) 2056.
Finn
And the answer was in fact b) 2019. A little bit earlier, Rob.
Rob
Quite soon, then?
Finn
Yes, it’s in a couple of years. So, watch out LA. But, Rob, can you remind us of some of the words we learned today?
Rob
We had …
science fiction
dystopian
downside
optimistic
plausible
a bright future
time will tell
Finn
And that’s it for today’s programme. If you want to listen to more programmes like this one, visit bbclearningenglish.com.
Both
Bye.
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