پادکست BBC شماره 202 – How to cure writer’s block
پادکست BBC شماره 202
سلام با دویست و دومین سری از پادکست‌های BBC 6 Minute English در خدمت شما هستیم.
در این قسمت درباره نویسندگی و برخی محدودیت‌های آن صحبت میشه. در تمام طول تاریخ برخی نوشته‌ها و قلم‌ها به دلایل سیاسی یا امنیتی برای انتشار با محدودیت‌هایی مواجه شده‌اند. آیا این کار از روی مصلحت اندیشی و با دلایل متقن انجام شده یا صرفا از روی غرض ورزی و کینه‌های شخصی یا حزبی بوده؟
در زیر کلمات کلیدی که باید با آن‌ها آشنا شوید برایتان توضیح داده شده‌اند:
creative juices : a flow of ideas
creative juices : جریان ایده‌ها
writer’s block : not being able to write because of a psychological problem
writer’s block : محدودیت برای نوینده‌ها
coined : invented
coined : اختراع کردن
impediment : obstacle
impediment : مانع
Muses : Goddesses of creativity
Muses : الهه‌های خلاقیت
invoked : called upon
invoked : فراخوانده شده
thalamus : An area of the brain that controls consciousness, sleep and the senses
thalamus : ناحیه ای از مغز است که هوشیاری ، خواب و حواس را کنترل می‌کند
dopamine : The chemical in the brain that makes you feel good
dopamine : ماده شیمیایی موجود در مغز که باعث می شود احساس خوبی داشته باشید
Transcript of the podcast
پادکست BBC 6 minute English – How to cure writer’s block
Alice
Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I’m Alice…
Neil
And I’m Neil. Have you ever written any poetry, Alice?
Alice
No. Have you?
Neil
Oh yes. I’ve got a sheaf of poems from my youth.
Alice
A sheaf of something means a bundle of things, particularly paper. What about now? Are you still writing?
Neil
No, my creative juices have dried up.
Alice
What a shame! I would have liked to hear some of your poems! Creative juices means a flow of ideas and the subject of today’s show is creativity and writer’s block – which means not being able to write because of a psychological problem.
Neil
So not like tennis elbow or golfer’s knee, then.
Alice
No, Neil, because a psychological problem refers to the mind not the body. And whilst some people view writer’s block as nonsense others believe it is a serious psychological condition that can get better with treatment.
Neil
Well, I have a question for you, Alice. How does author of the Da Vinci Code, Dan Brown, deal with writer’s block? Does he…
a) hang upside down from the ceiling in gravity boots?
b) clean his 6-bedroom house from top to bottom with a toothbrush?
Or c) run a half-marathon listening to opera music by Richard Wagner?
Alice
I think it’s c) run a half-marathon listening to Wagner. Exercise and music might get your creative juices flowing again.
Neil
Well, we’ll find out whether you got the right answer later on in the show. But first, Alice, can you tell us where the term writer’s block comes from?
Alice
Well, the term was coined – or invented – in 1950 by a Viennese psychoanalyst Edmund Bergler. Let’s listen to Zachary Leader, Professor of English Literature at Roehampton University talking about the psychoanalytic theory of writer’s block.
INSERT
Zachary Leader, Professor of English Literature at Roehampton University
Before writers were blocked the other metaphors that were used were things like ‘drying up’ … or ‘being frozen’ or ‘stuck in a rut’ and so forth. And the difference between being blocked and drying up is that in the case of blockage the problem is externalised and objectified – it’s not yourself that’s the problem – it’s something that’s outside you like an obstacle or an impediment – something that you could really cut away, and as a consequence a cure like a growth or a foreign body.
Neil
So writer’s block is a metaphor for an obstacle – something external rather than internal inside of you – that’s preventing you from working. Doesn’t that sound like an excuse for not doing anything, Alice? ‘It’s not my fault – this impediment thing is getting in the way’.
Alice
Yes. Well, impediment is another word for obstacle. But how do you cut away a foreign body that isn’t actually there?
Neil
I suppose psychoanalysts have an answer for that. But seriously, I think writers probably do have a hard time. You can sit down at your desk every morning at 9 o’clock to write but that doesn’t mean you’re going to think of things to say. Though we’re never stuck for words, are we?
Alice
Not usually, Neil, no. But did you know that the Ancient Greeks had Muses – or goddesses of creativity – to help them?
Neil
So… Beyoncé isn’t a real muse? I’ve heard people say, you know, ‘Beyoncé is my muse; she’s such a great singer, songwriter, dancer, role model!’
Alice
Well, these days, ‘muse’ can refer to anyone who inspires an artist, writer, or musician. But in Ancient Greece, there were nine Muses – and depending on what type of creative thing you did – philosophy, poetry, science and so on – you invoked – or called upon – that particular Muse to inspire you.
Neil
I call upon you, oh Alice, to enlighten us with more information about the Greek Muses.
Alice
Alright then. So let’s listen to Angie Hobbs instead. She’s Professor of the Public Understanding of Philosophy, University of Sheffield here in the UK – and here she is now, talking about what the Greek Muses symbolized.
INSERT
Angie Hobbs, Professor of the Public Understanding of Philosophy, University of Sheffield
We’ve seen that the Muses were connected to running water, to springs, to fountains, fluidity. So if you’re musing, you are letting your mind wander, you’re opening yourself up to new influences and new ideas, and not thinking in too structured a way.
Neil
Musing, letting your mind wander, thinking in a fluid, unstructured way – that all sounds very pleasant – maybe I should have another go at writing.
Alice
Well, according to research, some people are better at mind wandering and opening themselves up to new ideas than others. Their minds work differently – they have more dopamine in the thalamus region of the brain.
Neil
The thalamus controls consciousness, sleep and the senses and dopamine is the feel-good chemical in the brain. Is that right?
Alice
Yes, and having more dopamine in the thalamus enables some people to see the world in a different way – and they express this creatively – through science, music, the arts. Now, before you start musing on how much dopamine you have in your brain, Neil, perhaps you can tell us the answer to today’s quiz question?
Neil
I asked: How does author of the Da Vinci Code, Dan Brown, deal with writer’s block? Does he…
a) hang upside down from the ceiling in gravity boots?
b) clean his 6-bedroom house from top to bottom with a toothbrush?
Or c) run a half-marathon listening to opera music by Richard Wagner?
Alice
And I said c) run a half-marathon listening to opera music by Richard Wagner.
Neil
And you were wrong, Alice! The answer is a) hang upside down from the ceiling in gravity boots.
Alice
Really?
Neil
Yes. I expect all that increased blood flow to the brain is helpful in clearing writer’s block.
Alice
Yes. Good plan. OK, here are the words we learned today.
creative juices
writer’s block
coined
impediment
Muses
invoked
thalamus
dopamine
Neil
So, Alice, shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely…
Alice
That’s not your poem, Neil – It’s Shakespeare’s! Well, and that’s the end of today’s 6 Minute English.
Neil
OK, I’m off to lie on the sofa and evoke my muse. Please join us again soon!
Both
Bye!
برای شنیدن دیگر پادکست ها، به بخش پادکست در مرکز آموزش رایگان مراجعه نمایید.
